In the quality index of raw materials, some terms are often encountered. To understand its meaning accurately is helpful to better grasp the performance of raw materials. Here is a list of some commonly used terms.
(1)The Density and relative Density refers to the mass contained in the unit volume of a substance. In a word, it is the ratio of mass to volume in terms of MGS/m3 (Mg/m3) or kg/m3 (kg/m3) or g/cm3. Relative density, also known as the ratio of density, refers to the ratio between the density of a substance and the density of a reference substance under specified conditions, or the mass of a substance of a certain volume at t1 temperature and the reference substance of an equal volume at t2. The mass ratio at temperature. The commonly used reference material is distilled water and is expressed as Dt1/t2 or t1/t2, which is dimensionless.

(2)Melting point and Freezing point the temperature at which a substance reaches equilibrium between liquid and solid state under its vapor pressure is called Melting point or Freezing point. This is due to the regular arrangement of atoms or ions in solids due to the rise in temperature, the thermal movement becomes disorderly and activated, forming an irregular arrangement of liquid phenomenon, the opposite process is solidification. The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid is often called the freezing point or freezing point. In fact, the melting point and freezing point of the material is the same.
(3)Melting range is the temperature range from the beginning of Melting to full Melting determined by capillary method.
(4)Crystal point is the temperature at which a liquid changes from a liquid to a solid during cooling.
(5)Pour point refers to one of the indicators of the nature of liquid petroleum products. The temperature at which the sample is cooled to the point at which it begins to stop flowing under standard conditions.
(6)The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to a gas. Or the temperature at which the liquid and its vapor are at equilibrium. In general, the lower the boiling point, the greater the volatility.
(7)The Boiling range is going to be 1013. 25hPa, 0℃), distillation volume within the temperature range specified in the product standard.
(8)Sublimation is the conversion of a solid (crystalline) substance into a gaseous state without passing through the liquid state. Such as ice, iodine, sulfur, naphthalene, camphor, mercury chloride can be sublimated at different temperatures.
(9)Vaporization velocity refers to the phenomenon of vaporization occurring on the surface of a liquid. Evaporation rate also known as evaporation rate, generally used to judge the boiling point of the solvent, determine the fundamental factor of evaporation rate is the solvent in the temperature of the vapor pressure, followed by the molecular weight of the solvent.
(10)Vapor pressure is the abbreviation of Vapor pressure. At a certain temperature, the liquid and its vapor reach equilibrium, at which point the equilibrium pressure only changes due to the nature and temperature of the liquid, which is called the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid at that temperature.
(11)Azeotrope Azeotrope is a mixture of two or more liquids formed at a constant boiling point. The corresponding temperature is called azeotropic temperature or azeotropic point.
(12)Refractive index is a physical quantity that represents the ratio of light speed to light in two different (isotropic) media. The speed of light varies with different media. When light enters another transparent medium with different density from one transparent medium, it is called refraction because of the change of speed and direction. The ratio of the sine of the Angle of incidence to the sine of the Angle of refraction, or the ratio of the velocity of light passing through a vacuum to that of a medium, is the index of refraction. In general, the refractive index n refers to the value of light entering any medium from air. Usually refers to the refractive index is the use of sodium yellow light (D line), measured in tC, so use ntD, such as measured at 20℃, is n20D.
(13)Flashing point (Flashing point) is also called Flashing point, which represents one of the indexes of combustible liquid properties. The minimum temperature at which the mixture of vapor pressure and air heated to the surface of the flammable liquid will flash in contact with the flame. Flashover is usually a light blue spark that goes out immediately and cannot continue burning. Flash ignition is often a precursor to fire. There are two methods for the determination of flash point: open cup method and closed cup method.
(14)Ignition point, also known as Ignition point, is an indicator of the nature of the flammable liquid. The lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid can continue to burn when heated to its surface and the mixture of vapor and air catches fire immediately upon contact with the flame. The ignition point of flammable liquid is higher than flash point 1 ~ 5℃. The lower the flash point, the smaller the difference between the flash point and the flash point.
(15)Spontaneous ignition point is the minimum temperature at which combustible material can ignite without exposure to an open flame. The lower the spontaneous ignition point, the greater the risk of ignition. The spontaneous ignition point of the same substance varies with pressure, concentration, heat dissipation and other conditions.
(16)Explosive gases, vapors of combustible liquids, or dust of combustible solids, will explode when they are mixed with air or oxygen at a certain concentration at a certain temperature or pressure. This concentration range is called the explosion limit or the combustion limit. If the composition of the mixture is not within this range, no matter how much energy is supplied, it will not catch fire. Steam or dust mixed with air and reached a certain concentration range, encounter fire source will burn or explosion of the lowest concentration known as the lower limit of explosion; The highest concentration is called the upper explosive limit. The explosion limit is usually expressed as percent of the volume of vapor in the mixture, i.e. % (vol); Dust is expressed as mg/m3 concentration. If the concentration is lower than the lower limit of explosion, although the open flame will not explode or burn, because the proportion of air is large, combustible steam and dust concentration is not high; If the concentration is higher than the upper limit of the explosion, although there will be a large number of combustible substances, but the lack of combustion oxygen, in the absence of air supplement, even in case of open fire, will not explode for a while. Inflammable solvent has a certain explosion range, the wider the explosion range, the greater the risk.
(17)Viscosity (Viscosity) Viscosity of fluid (liquid or gas) flow generated by the internal friction resistance, its size is determined by the factors such as types of material, temperature, concentration. Generally referred to as dynamic viscosity, the unit is Pa·s (Pa·s) or millipa ·s (mPa·s). Viscosity is divided into dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, relative viscosity, three different, can not be confused. Viscosity can also be measured in seconds (s) by coating - 4 or coating - 1 cup.
(18)Mooney viscosity, Mooney viscosity) Mooney viscosity is also called the rotation (Mooney viscosity, Mooney viscosity meter measurement values, can basically reflect the degree of polymerization and the molecular weight of synthetic rubber. According to GB1232 standard, rotational (Mooney) viscosity is indicated by symbol Z100℃ 1 and 4. Where, Z -- rotational viscosity value; 1 -- the preheating time is 1min; 4 -- rotation time is 4min; 100℃ -- the test temperature is 100℃. It is customary to use ML100℃ 1 4 to indicate the Mooney viscosity.
(19)Solubility (Solubility) under certain temperature and pressure, the material in a certain amount of a given called the maximum dissolved Solubility in solvent. The solubility of a solid or liquid substance, usually expressed as the number of grams of soluble material in 100 grams of solvent. The solubility of gas solutes is usually expressed in milliliters of dissolved gas per liter of solvent.
(20)Solubility parameter (Solubility parameter), also known as the Solubility parameter, Solubility parameter is a measure of molecular inter-atomic forces. The energy of action that brings molecules together is called cohesion energy. The cohesive energy per unit volume is called the cohesive energy density (CED), the square root of CED (CED)1/2 is defined as the solubility parameter, code name is delta or SP.
(21)The attraction of the molecules inside a liquid is such that the molecules on the Surface are subject to an inward force which causes the liquid to minimize its Surface area and thereby forms a force parallel to the Surface. This is called Surface tension. Or the mutual pulling force per unit length between two adjacent parts of a liquid surface, which is a manifestation of the molecular force. The unit of surface tension is N/m. The amount of surface tension depends on the nature, purity and temperature of the liquid. Surface tension times surface area is surface energy. The greater the surface tension, the larger the surface area, the greater the surface energy.
(22)Specific heat capacity the amount of heat required to be absorbed per kilogram of a substance when its temperature increases by 1K is called the Specific heat capacity, expressed in kJ/(kg·K). The heat absorbed when the temperature increases by 1K at constant pressure is called the specific heat capacity at constant pressure.
(23)Thermal conductivity used to be called the coefficient of conductivity or Thermal conductivity, which reflects the Thermal conductivity of materials. That is, take two parallel planes 1cm apart and 1cm2 perpendicular to the direction of heat conduction inside the object. If there is a 1K difference in temperature between the two planes, the heat conduction from one plane to the other plane in ls is defined as the thermal conductivity of the substance, and its unit is W/(m·K).
(24)Water content the Water contained in a substance, but excluding crystalline Water and associated Water. It is usually expressed as the percentage of the original mass of the sample and the mass of the sample after water loss.
(25)Water absorption is a measure of the degree to which a substance absorbs Water. The percentage of mass added by soaking a substance in water for a given period of time at a given temperature.
(26)Ash Ash, also known as calcined residue, is the residue of oxides and salts formed by its mineral composition after evaporation and calcination, expressed in percentage.
(27)Needle penetration is expressed by the depth of the standard Needle penetrating into the asphalt sample vertically under a certain load, time and temperature, with the unit of 1/10mm. Unless otherwise specified, the combined weight of the standard needle, needle connecting rod and additional weight shall be 100±0.1g, the temperature shall be 25℃, and the time shall be 5s. The larger the penetration degree, the softer it is, the smaller the consistency. Conversely, the harder it is, the greater the consistency.
(28)Hardness is the resistance of a material to external forces such as indentation or scratch. There are Shore hardness, Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Mohs hardness, Barcol hardness, Vichers hardness and so on. The hardness value is related to the type of durometer. Among the commonly used durometers, shaw durometer is simple in structure and suitable for production inspection. Shore durometers can be divided into types A, C, and D. Type A is used for the measurement of soft rubber, and type C and D are used for the measurement of semi-hard and hard rubber.
(29)Aniline point; A. P.) The aniline point is the lowest temperature when the oil alkane and aniline of the same volume dissolve each other. The height of aniline point is related to chemical composition. The higher the aniline point, the more alkane content. The lower the aniline point, the more aromatic hydrocarbon content.
(30)Volume reSIStivity (Volume reSIStivity) is also called the Volume resistance, Volume reSIStivity, is the characterization of the dielectric or insulating materials is an important indicator of performance. Said 1 cm3 dielectric resistance of leakage current, the unit is Ω m. or Ω · cm. The higher the volume resistivity, the better the insulation performance.
(31)Oil absorption the amount of Oil required when the absolute surface of particles of a material is completely soaked with Oil.
(32)Acid value, also known as Acid value, is an indicator of organic matter. It is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize free acids in the nonvolatile substances of 1g of organic matter, namely mgKOH/g.
(33)The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) corresponding to Hydroxyl value 1g in the sample, expressed as mgKOH/g.
(34)Iodine value is an indicator of the degree of unsaturated organic matter. Is the percentage of the mass of iodine absorbed by a sample of 1g. The higher the degree of unsaturated, the greater the iodine value.
(35)The epoxy-value is the number of epoxies equivalent in 100g of Epoxy resin, i.e., epoxy-equivalent /100= epoxy-base number/epoxy-resin molecular weight *100%. The higher the epoxy value, the smaller the molecular weight and the lower the viscosity.
(36)Epoxy equivalent is the molecular weight of the resin associated with each Epoxy group. Epoxy equivalent = molecular weight of epoxy resin/epoxy cardinal number.
(37)HLB value stands for Hydrophile -- Lipophile -- Balance, and is used to measure the relative strength of the polar and nonpolar parts of a surfactant molecule. If the polar group is stronger, its HLB value is larger and hydrophilic. If the non-polar group is longer, its HLB value is smaller and hydrophilic.
(38)Critical micell concentration, also known as Critical micelle concentration, is called CMC. The range of concentration where the properties of the emulsifier solution change is called the critical micelle concentration of the emulsifier. After the emulsion system reaches the critical micelle concentration, many emulsifier molecules gather together to form micelles. CMC is moles per liter.
(39)Degree Baum 'e the value given by a baume meter with a special dividing method in the glass tube float meter is called baume Degree, and the symbol is °B 'e. Used to give the density of a liquid indirectly.
(40)Solid content, also known as non-volatile content and total Solid content (TS), represents the ratio of the mass of the remaining material to the mass of the sample after heating at a certain temperature, expressed as a percentage.
(41)Surface-active agent, also known as surfactant, can significantly change the liquid Surface tension or two-phase interfacial tension of substances. Or a substance that strongly adsorbs on the surface of another substance or aggregates on the surface of a solution, reducing the surface tension of a liquid or solid.
(42)Relative humitity is a method of Relative humitity, which is the ratio between absolute humidity and saturated absolute humidity under the same conditions (at the same temperature and pressure), that is, the ratio between the mass of water vapor actually contained in air (or other gases) and the mass of saturated water vapor under the same conditions. Usually expressed as a percentage.
(43)APParent density is once known as density, density, false density, APParent density, represents the mass of matter per unit volume (including void).
(44)The phenomenon of Isomer compounds having the same molecular formula but having different structures and properties is called isomerism. Compounds that exhibit isomerism are called isomers, or isomers for short.
(45)Relative molecular mass, or molecular weight, refers to the ratio of the average mass of the molecule or specific unit of the material to the atomic mass (1/12) of the nuclide 10, 6 C. The symbol is Mr.
(46)The polymer is composed of homologous mixtures with the same chemical composition but different degree of polymerization, that is, the polymer is composed of polymers with different length of molecular chain. The average molecular weight is usually used to characterize the size of molecules. According to the number of molecular statistical average, is called the number average molecular weight, symbols for ˉ (Mn).
(47)Degree of polymerization (Degree of polymerization) of the polymer molecular chain link number is called the Degree of polymerization, code-named n or DP, can be used as a measure of the size of the polymer molecular weight.
(48)Molecular weight distribution due to the different sizes of polymers, in addition to the statistical characteristics of Molecular weight, there is also polydispersity, namely Molecular weight distribution. The same average molecular weight will have different molecular weight distribution, showing different performance.
(49)Homopolymer a Homopolymer is a polymer formed by the polymerization of the same monomer into a repeating chain.
(50)Copolymer (Copolymer) by two or more monomers or aggregated generated between monomer and polymer polymer, known as the Copolymer, it can be divided into block Copolymer and random Copolymer, a gauge copolymers, graft Copolymer, etc.
(51)Graft copolymer (Graft copolymer) polymerization owner chain of some atoms connected to different chemical structure and the main chain of polymer chain segment of a copolymer of side chain, known as the Graft copolymer, such as Graft neoprene, SBS Graft copolymer.
(52)A polymer with a lower molecular weight (under 1500) that is intermediate in degree of polymerization between the monomer and the final polymer. Also called Oligmer, it is a polymer consisting of a few chains, such as dimer, trimer, tetramer, or a mixture of these oligomers.
(53)The approximate midpoint of a narrower temperature range at which amorphous or semi-crystalline polymers transition from a viscous or high-elastic state to a glassy state (or vice versa), called the Glass transition temperature, usually expressed in Tg, is an indicator of heat resistance.
(54)A measure of the properties of a polymer at a low temperature. The temperature at which a hammer with a certain amount of energy hits a sample and the cracking probability of the sample reaches 50%.
(55)Heat deformation temperature (Heat deflection temperature under load) polymer a measure of the resistance to Heat, is a polymer sample immersed in a uniform temperature is suitable for Heat transfer medium, the simply supported beam under the action of static bending load, the temperature of the measured sample bending deformation e. when reaching, namely for the thermal deformation temperature, HDT for short.
(56)Minimum film-forming temperature (Minimum filming temperature) composite emulsion system to form a continuous film of Minimum temperature, according to the Minimum film-forming temperature, hereinafter referred to as MFT.
(57)Softening point was defined as the temperature at which a certain load was applied to the polymer sample in a certain form and the sample was heated at the specified heating rate until its deformation reached the specified value.
(58)Marten's test is a method to evaluate the deformation trend of materials at high temperature. In the heating furnace, the specimen is subjected to a certain bending stress and heats up at a certain rate, and the free end of the specimen is heated to produce a specified amount of deflection temperature, called Martin temperature.
(59)Vicat softening point test was a method to evaluate the deformation trend of thermoplastics at high temperature. Under the condition of constant temperature rise, a flat-topped needle with a specified load and a cross-sectional area of 1mm2 is put on the sample. When the flat-topped needle is inserted into the sample for 1mm, the temperature is the measured vica softening temperature.
(60)Melt index, MI for short, is an index reflecting the Melt flow characteristics and molecular weight of thermoplastic resin. At a certain temperature and load, the mass value of Melt passes through standard capillary tube in 10min, expressed as g / 10min.
(61)Stress relaxation is a phenomenon in which the deformation is fixed and the Stress attenuates with the extension of the action time.
(62)Creep when the stress remains constant, the change in deformation with time is called Creep.
(63)Shrinkage ration is defined as the percentage of Shrinkage relative to the pre-shrinkage size, while Shrinkage ration is the difference between the pre-shrinkage size and the pre-shrinkage size.
(64)In the absence of external forces, the Internal stress of the adhesive layer (material) is due to defects, temperature changes, solvent action and other reasons.
(65)Tensile strength, Tensile strength, Tensile strength) is the maximum Tensile stress when the tension to the sample. This common term used in the past is very inconsistent, known as breaking force, breaking strength, tensile strength, tensile strength, also known as strength, strength. According to GB 6039-85 standard provisions, unified call it tensile strength, the unit is MPa.
(66)Shear strength was once referred to as Shear strength, which means that the unit of adhesive area can withstand the maximum load parallel to the adhesive area. The commonly used unit is MPa.
(67)Peel strength, once referred to as Peel strength, refers to the maximum destructive load that can be sustained per unit width, and measures the stress capacity of a line in kN/m.
(68)The ratio of the tensile strength of a material to its density is called Specific strength.
(69)Elongation (Elongation) specimens under the action of tensile length increases, expressed as a percentage of the original long.
(70)Swelling (or Swelling) occurs when the polymer will absorb the solvent molecules. Swelling is divided into finite swelling and infinite swelling, infinite swelling is dissolution.
(71)Emulsification is the act of dispersing a difficult liquid in the presence of an emulsifier into another liquid.
(72)Gelatinization the phenomenon that starch and water become a viscous semi-transparent gel or paste at a certain temperature.
(73)Compatibility the ability of two or more substances to mix without the appearance of rejection and separation.
(74)Mastication, also known as raw rubber refining and rolling refining, refers to the process that raw rubber changes from a strong and elastic state to a soft and plastic state under the action of mechanical force, heat and oxygen. In other words, the process that increases its plasticity (fluidity) is called plastication. The essence of plastication is to reduce molecular weight, viscosity and viscosity flow temperature. Plasticized raw rubber is called plasticized rubber.
(75)Milling is a process in which plastic rubber or raw rubber with a certain degree of plasticity is mixed with various compounding agents mechanically. The quality of the mixed rubber has a great influence on the performance of the adhesive.
(76)Valcanization is a cross-linking reaction between rubber and sulfur and accelerator at a certain temperature and pressure, that is, plastic rubber is transformed into elastic rubber or hard rubber. Broadly speaking, vulcanization refers to the process in which rubber macromolecules change from linear structure to reticular structure through crosslinking after the rubber material is processed by chemical or physical methods, so as to improve the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of rubber.
(77)Crosslinking refers to the chemical bonding between the main chains of linear polymer molecules.
(78)Scorching refers to the early vulcanization of rubber compound during processing. To avoid the risk of burning, antiscorch agents, such as sodium acetate, may be added to the chloroprene mixture.
(79)The ability of a material to resist oil-induced swelling, dissolution, cracking, deformation, or degradation of physical properties.
(80)The ability to resist swelling, dissolution, cracking, or deformation caused by a Solvent.
(81)Chemical resistance the ability to withstand acids, alkalis, salts, solvents, and other chemicals.
(82)The ability of a material to retain its physicochemical properties after the action of Water or moisture.
(83)The ability of a material to resist combustion when in contact with or away from the Flame and to continue combustion.
(84)Weatherability the ability of a material to be exposed to sunlight, heat and cold, wind and rain.
(85)Permanence durability is also known as stability and service life. That is, under the joint action of external environmental factors, the ability to maintain its performance for a long time.
(86)Aging (Aging) in the processing, storage and use process, due to external factors (heat, light, oxygen, water, radiation, chemical and mechanical force medium, etc.), the effect of a series of physical or chemical change, make the polymer crosslinked brittle, cracking is tacky, discoloration cracks, rough blister, tables, flour, layered peeling, progressive deterioration of the performance, and can not use the loss of mechanical properties, the phenomenon of this kind of change is called Aging.
(87)Lethal dose is an important data to measure the toxicity of toxic substances. The dose by which a poison is given to some animals (such as mice, rabbits, etc.) by mouth or by injection, resulting in the death of half the animals, is called a lethal dose, abbreviated LD50, expressed in mg/kg. The smaller the lethal dose, the more toxic, LD50 over 5000mg/kg can be considered non-toxic.
(88)Maximum allowable concentration (Maxium allowable concentration) to prevent personal acute or chronic poisoning caused by chemicals, governments have provisions contained in the workplace air poisonous vapour or dust shall not be more than the value, known as the maximum allowable concentration, referred to as "MAC, usually expressed in mg/m3 or PPM. Conversion relationship between PPM and mg/m3: mg/m3= toxic molecular weight /22.45 PPM × (22. 45 is 25 degrees Celsius, 101. 1mol gas volume at 3kPa.
(89)Storage life; Shelflife) materials with varying performance shall remain usable for the longest time when stored under certain conditions.
(90)Needle penetration ratio the percentage obtained by multiplying the ratio of needle penetration to original needle penetration of the sample after evaporation loss by 100.